PASSAGE 1:
The Benefits of Regular Exercise on Mental Health
Paragraph A
Regular exercise has long been recognized as essential for physical health, but recent research has highlighted its significant impact on mental health. Engaging in physical activity releases endorphins, which are chemicals in the brain that act as natural painkillers and mood elevators. These endorphins are responsible for the so-called "runner's high," a feeling of euphoria that follows intense physical activity.
Paragraph B
Moreover, exercise reduces levels of the body's stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol. Regular exercise can provide a healthy outlet for frustrations and stress, thereby preventing these negative feelings from accumulating. Additionally, physical activity has been found to improve sleep patterns, which is critical for mental well-being.
Paragraph C
Aside from these immediate effects, long-term physical activity has been associated with lower risks of depression and anxiety. Studies have shown that people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from these conditions, and even when they do, the symptoms tend to be less severe. Exercise is also used as a part of treatment plans for mental health disorders, further proving its importance.
Questions
1-3 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
1. What is the primary focus of the passage?
A. The physical benefits of exercise
B. The connection between exercise and mental health
C. The risks of not exercising
D. The benefits of mental health treatments
2. According to the passage, what effect does exercise have on stress hormones?
A. Increases them
B. Decreases them
C. Has no effect
D. Only affects adrenaline
A. Increased cortisol
B. Decreased stress
C. Released endorphins
D. Improved sleep patterns
4-7 Complete the sentences below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage.
4. Regular exercise releases _______ that act as mood elevators.5. Exercise helps improve _______ patterns, which are important for mental health.
6. People who exercise regularly are at a lower risk of _______ and anxiety.
7.Physical activity can be part of _______ plans for mental health disorders.
PASSAGE 2: Environment
The Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Life
Paragraph A
Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues, with millions of tons of plastic entering the oceans every year. This plastic waste poses a significant threat to marine life, from the smallest plankton to the largest whales. Many marine animals mistake plastic debris for food, which can lead to injury, poisoning, and often death.
Paragraph B
One of the most alarming effects of plastic pollution is its impact on the food chain. As small marine organisms ingest microplastics, these particles move up the food chain, eventually reaching humans. The long-term health impacts of consuming microplastics are still being studied, but there are concerns about their potential toxicity and effects on human health.
Paragraph C
Efforts to combat plastic pollution include international agreements, bans on single-use plastics, and initiatives to clean up existing ocean debris. However, reducing plastic pollution requires a collective effort from individuals, industries, and governments worldwide.
Questions
8-11 True, False, Not Given
8. Plastic pollution affects only large marine animals.9. Microplastics have been found in the human food chain.
10. The health impacts of microplastics on humans are well understood.
11. Combating plastic pollution requires global cooperation.
12-13 Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage.
12. What type of plastics are often banned to reduce pollution?13. Who needs to work together to effectively combat plastic pollution?
PASSAGE 3: Arts and Literature
The Evolution of Modern Art
Paragraph A
Modern art, which emerged in the late 19th century, represents a radical departure from traditional forms of art. Artists began to experiment with new techniques, perspectives, and subjects, challenging the conventional standards of beauty and realism. This period saw the rise of movements such as Impressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism, each bringing unique contributions to the art world.
Paragraph B
The early 20th century was a time of significant change, as artists reacted to the social and political upheavals of the time. The World Wars, the Great Depression, and the rise of industrialization influenced the themes and styles of modern art. Artists began to explore abstract forms, symbolic representations, and the subconscious mind, resulting in a diverse range of artistic expressions.
Paragraph C
Today, modern art continues to evolve, with contemporary artists pushing the boundaries of creativity. The advent of digital technology has opened new avenues for artistic expression, allowing artists to experiment with multimedia, virtual reality, and interactive installations. The global nature of the art world has also led to a fusion of cultures and ideas, further enriching the modern art landscape.
Questions
14-17 Match the following movements with their descriptions.
14. Impressionism15. Cubism
16. Surrealism
17. Abstract Art
A. Focus on the subconscious mind and dream imagery
B. Emphasis on geometric shapes and multiple perspectives
C. Depiction of light and color in natural scenes
D. Departure from realism to express emotion and ideas
18-21 Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage.
Modern art began as a _______ from traditional art forms, with artists exploring new techniques and subjects. In the early 20th century, the social and political changes of the time had a significant influence on art, leading to the development of _______ forms. Today, the use of digital technology has allowed for _______ artistic expression, and the global nature of the art world has contributed to a _______ of cultures and ideas.
ANSWERS
Passage 1: Health and Wellness
1. B2. B
3. C
4. Endorphins
5. Sleep
6. Depression
7. Treatment
Passage 2: Environment
8. False9. True
10. False
11. True
12. Single-use plastics
13. Individuals, industries, governments
Passage 3: Arts and Literature
14. C15. B
16. A
17. D
18. Radical departure
19. Abstract
20. Multimedia
21. Fusion